Apple also often includes a SHA checksum with its downloads, as you can see listed on its recently issued iTunes 11.1 update page. For instance, the popular VideoLAN Client media player was recently updated to version 2.1, and if you download the disk image file containing the software, you will see a SHA checksum listed next to the download link. If you see a SHA checksum listed with a file, you may wonder how to use it. Since the sums are computed using data from all parts of the file, the sum is an indicator of file integrity, and can be used to verify the version of a file received is the same as that made available at the source (i.e., there's been no tampering). Checksums are a quick algorithm that takes select parts of a file and performs a quick computation on them (summing, multiplying, and otherwise combining them) that results in a number or code that should be unique to that file's contents. When you download a file in OS X, often the site issuing it may have a SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) checksum listed, which you can use to verify the file.
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